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&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;mailto:dr.deyn@pulse-clinic.com&quot;&gt;Dr.Deyn&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp; | 9 August 2019, Reviewed and updated on 28 July 2024&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1 id=&quot;cc-m-header-16578189825&quot; class=&quot;&quot;&gt;Herpes Simplex Serology&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;The differences between blood antibody tests and most advanced DNA testing&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-uyjOhD&quot;&gt;Genital and oral herpes are infections caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). HSV is spread through close contact with a person actively shedding the virus, usually through skin-to-skin or sexual contact. Even without symptoms of HSV, you can still actively shed the virus and infect others.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-v9FrpL&quot;&gt;Lab tests diagnose HSV and confirm the type of virus causing an infection. Diagnostic tests may require a blood sample or a sample of fluid taken from a sore or swab from your throat, anus, rectum, vagina, or other lesion such as skin lesion suspicious of herpes infection. Less commonly, a lumbar puncture may be used to diagnose an infection in the brain or spinal cord.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;ah6sj-0-0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DIAGNOSTIC TEST OVERVIEW&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;6h6s9-0-0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;5a6nn-0-0&quot;&gt;Herpes tests are done to find the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pulse-clinic.com.sg/herpes-simplex-virus-hsv&quot;&gt;herpes simplex virus&lt;/a&gt; (HSV). An HSV infection can cause small, painful sores that look like blisters on the skin or the tissue lining ( mucous membranes ) of the throat, nose, mouth, urethra, rectum, and vagina. A herpes infection may cause only a single outbreak of sores, but in many cases, the person will have more outbreaks.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;5a6nn-0-0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;5a6nn-0-0&quot;&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;h3-UE7eN6&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Purpose of the test&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-haGfqQ&quot;&gt;The purpose of testing for genital and oral herpes is to identify evidence of an HSV infection. Testing for genital and oral herpes may be ordered for several reasons, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-LCn3Tf&quot;&gt;Confirming a diagnosis of HSV infection in symptomatic patients&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-d4BqhH&quot;&gt;Diagnosing patients with a history of genital sores who don&amp;rsquo;t have symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-bYlKoh&quot;&gt;Identifying a potential HSV infection in pregnant women without symptoms&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-FbEjhr&quot;&gt;Understanding if a sexual partner of a person with HSV is susceptible to infection&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-CDfwqB&quot;&gt;Estimating the frequency of future symptom outbreaks&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h2 class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;78ave-0-0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;There are two main types of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;6o060-0-0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt; HSV type 1&lt;/strong&gt; causes cold sores (also called fever blisters) on the lips. HSV-1 is generally spread by kissing or by sharing eating utensils (such as spoons or forks) when sores are present. HSV-1 can also cause sores around the genitals.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;21oq0-0-0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt; HSV type 2&lt;/strong&gt; causes sores in the genital area (genital herpes), such as on or around the vagina or penis. HSV-2 also causes the herpes infection seen in babies who are delivered vaginally in women who have genital herpes. HSV-2 is generally spread by sexual contact. HSV-2 can sometimes cause mouth sores.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;308kt-0-0&quot;&gt;In rare cases, HSV can infect other parts of the body, such as the eyes and the brain.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;88vp0-0-0&quot;&gt;Tests for HSV can be done using blood, urine, tears, or spinal fluid.&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;88vp0-0-0&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;h2 class=&quot;_1mf _1mj&quot; data-offset-key=&quot;ah6sj-0-0&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Different types of tests may be done&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Antibody tests&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;p&gt;Blood tests can find antibodies that are made by the immune system to fight a herpes infection. Antibody tests are sometimes done but are not as accurate as a viral culture at finding the cause of a specific sore or ulcer. Antibody tests cannot always tell the difference between a current active herpes infection and a herpes infection that occurred in the past. Because antibodies take time to develop after the first infection, you may not have a positive antibody test if you have just recently been infected.&amp;nbsp;Serology testing is used in the absence of active lesions. It can take days to weeks after initial exposure for immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to develop and up to 6 months for HSV type-specific antibodies to form.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;If you get a &amp;ldquo;positive&amp;rdquo; result from the viral culture or PCR tests, it likely means you have herpes.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Antibodies to viral antigens are produced by the immune system in response to an HSV infection. Because every type of antibody is unique to a specific antigen, herpes simplex antibody testing can determine if you are infected with HSV-1 or HSV-2. HSV antibodies can be detected in a blood sample or a sample taken from your sore. It takes time for the body to develop antibodies, so a positive result may not occur for up to three months after the initial infection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A PCR test can be done on cells or fluid from a sore on blood or other fluid, such as spinal fluid. PCR finds the genetic material ( DNA ) of the HSV virus. This test can tell the difference between HSV-1 and HSV-2. Using the PCR test on skin sores is common.&amp;nbsp;If a patient has active lesion(s), PCR testing should be performed on a sample from a lesion. PCR test is the MOST ACCURATE test to detect herpes. The PCR test can tell if you have genital herpes even if you don&#39;t have symptoms. The PCR test looks for pieces of the virus&#39;s DNA in a sample taken from cells or fluids from a genital sore or the urinary tract. This is a commonly used test to diagnose genital herpes and is the most accurate.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A &amp;ldquo;negative&amp;rdquo; viral culture or PCR result could mean you don&amp;rsquo;t have genital herpes. But in some cases, a person could still have genital herpes and a negative result. That&#39;s likely due to other factors related to how much virus there is in the sores.&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;h3&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Herpes Viral Culture&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This is a test to find the herpes virus. For this test, your doctor scrapes or swabs one of your sores to take a sample. A lab then checks the sample for the herpes virus. It can take up to 7 days to get your results. Fluid from a fresh sore is added to certain cells used to grow HSV. If no virus infects the cells, the culture is negative. If the herpes virus infects the cells, the culture is positive. The culture often fails to find the virus even when it is present ( false-negative results ).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;This test is best used within 48 hours of when you first see symptoms. After that time, the level of herpes virus starts to drop. That means there&amp;rsquo;s a higher chance the test could say you don&amp;rsquo;t have herpes when you do.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Herpes virus antigen detection test&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Cells from a fresh sore are scraped off and then smeared onto a microscope slide. This test finds markers (called antigens ) on the surface of cells infected with the herpes virus. This test may be done with or in place of a viral culture.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong id=&quot;strong-pYayRb&quot;&gt;Tzanck smear&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The Tzanck smear uses a sample of cells scraped from your sore to look for cells characteristic of herpes infection. During a Tzanck smear, cells can be examined under a microscope in a clinic or doctor&amp;rsquo;s office without needing to send the sample to a laboratory.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;p2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.pulse-clinic.com/thailand-pcr-28-stds-promotion-std-test-bangkok-pattaya-phuket-hatyai-chiangmai&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;All PULSE Clinics in Thailand provide the most comprehensive PCR Tests for 28 infections to give you peace of mind and fast treatment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;p class=&quot;p2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;h3-n1GeRE&quot;&gt;&lt;strong id=&quot;strong-IokmEi&quot;&gt;When should I get a genital or oral herpes test?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-IWMkLe&quot;&gt;Testing for the viruses that cause genital and oral herpes may be ordered if you have signs and symptoms of a herpes infection. Although many people who contract HSV never notice symptoms, signs of an initial infection appear 2 to 20 days after infection depending on the type of HSV causing the infection.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-hw7Q9a&quot;&gt;When signs and symptoms of an initial infection occur, they may include:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-CbgfdJ&quot;&gt;Small sores on the skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-PBehTv&quot;&gt;Blisters on the lips, penis, vagina, buttocks, anus, or around the mouth.&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-WKb50M&quot;&gt;Tingling, itching, or burning on the skin&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-m4XqKE&quot;&gt;Fever, headache, or body aches&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-baJNn5&quot;&gt;Swollen lymph nodes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-6VqKTX&quot;&gt;After the initial infection, HSV remains dormant inside the body. HSV can reactivate throughout your life, causing symptoms of genital or oral herpes to reappear. While the trigger for an HSV outbreak is often unknown, potential triggers include fever, stress, physical trauma, and a suppressed immune system.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-f7jr10&quot;&gt;Generally, expert organizations do not recommend herpes testing for patients without symptoms. An exception may be made for certain patients, including:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-1OMKab&quot;&gt;Patients who have a partner with genital herpes&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-AoLGVZ&quot;&gt;Patients seeking a more complete STD test panel, including people with multiple sexual partners&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li id=&quot;li-xcbNP5&quot;&gt;Babies born to a mother who has HSV&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p class=&quot;p2&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2 id=&quot;_taking_a_genital_or_oral_herpes_test&quot;&gt;Taking a Genital or Oral Herpes Test&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-c7w5AX&quot;&gt;Testing for genital and oral herpes may be performed with a blood sample or a sample of fluid swabbed or scraped from a sore. Both types of samples are collected by a health professional when conducted at a doctor&amp;rsquo;s office, clinic, or community organization.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-xPDke2&quot;&gt;If you are experiencing an outbreak, a doctor can collect a sample for testing by swabbing or scraping a sore. Material from the sore can be used for a herpes viral culture, PCR testing, a Tzanck smear, or an antibody test.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-1UPdOl&quot;&gt;If you are not currently experiencing an outbreak, a blood test may be used to identify HSV antibodies. If a doctor suspects a brain infection with HSV, a lumbar puncture may be performed to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid for analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;h3-hroMTG&quot;&gt;Before the test&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-kx0ubE&quot;&gt;Before taking a test for genital and oral herpes, talk to your doctor about any medications or supplements being taken. For tests that require a sample taken from a sore, the sample must be collected when lesions are open before they begin to form a scab. For a blood test, no special preparation is required.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;h3-DudeVR&quot;&gt;During the test&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-lia3nY&quot;&gt;Collecting material from a sore may involve rubbing a sterile swab against the skin lesion or scraping the base with a scalpel.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-AG7Kdv&quot;&gt;A blood sample for antibody testing is collected intravenously or with a finger prick.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 id=&quot;h3-NSMsZz&quot;&gt;After the test&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-sAt8Gw&quot;&gt;After material is collected from a skin lesion, there are no special post-test restrictions. You may have some slight bleeding or temporary discomfort where the skin was swabbed or scraped.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p id=&quot;p-hp8iOl&quot;&gt;After your blood is drawn, slight soreness or bruising can occur but typically isn&amp;rsquo;t long-lasting. You can return to normal activities after a blood draw.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3 style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Book Your Appointment Today!&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
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