&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Having a baby is a simple and natural experience for couples. But it can be difficult for some couples to conceive a child. However, if there is an issue of infertility, the person automatically held responsible is the woman. What people fail to understand is that male infertility is a common issue that they ignore to talk about.&amp;nbsp;Men who don&amp;rsquo;t have&amp;nbsp;sperm&amp;nbsp;in their&amp;nbsp;semen&amp;nbsp;have a condition called azoospermia. Generally, male fertility problems&amp;nbsp;have to&amp;nbsp;do with the quantity or quality of the sperm, though there can also be issues with ejaculation.&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Azoospermia Causes&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;There are two causes of azoospermia: either sperm is being blocked from exiting the testicles (obstructive azoospermia), or sperm is simply not being produced at all (non-obstructive azoospermia).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Obstructive azoospermia means you make sperm but they are blocked somewhere from the testicle to the ejaculatory duct in the urethra.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) means there is not enough sperm production to be seen in the semen.&amp;nbsp; A testicle may produce very small quantities of sperm that need to be surgically extracted to use for IVF or there may be absolutely no production of sperm.&amp;nbsp; NOA doesn&amp;rsquo;t mean there is no chance a man can produce sperm.&amp;nbsp; There are many reasons, many of these reversible, why a man may have NOA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Obstructive azoospermia: Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Obstructive azoospermia simply indicates a blockage somewhere in the reproductive tract.&amp;nbsp; Sperm production is normal but the problem lies in the transport of sperm into the ejaculatory duct.&amp;nbsp; Often, men with obstructive azoospermia will have reduced volumes of semen when they ejaculate.&amp;nbsp; If the blockage is closer to the testicle such as after a vasectomy, the ejaculatory volume will be normal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Common causes of obstructive azoospermia are listed below.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Vasectomy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Vasectomy reversa&lt;a style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot; href=&quot;https://www.uclahealth.org/urology/mens-clinic/vasectomy-reversal&quot;&gt;l&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;or&amp;nbsp;sperm retrieval&amp;nbsp;may be options to treat obstructive azoospermia after vasectomy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Cystic Fibrosis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Ejaculatory duct obstruction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Severe infections in the epididymis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer treatment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;In order for surgeons to remove a cancerous prostate, they must cut across the vas deferens in the pelvis.&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Sperm retrieval&amp;nbsp;is a good option for men to become biological fathers after prostatectomy.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA): Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Some common causes of NOA are listed below.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Drug-induced NOA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Men on chronic narcotics often have impaired testosterone and sperm production that can be reversed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Men with a history of testosterone replacement, either prescribed or self-administered will essentially always have poor or no sperm production.&amp;nbsp; This too can often be reversed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Genetic abnormalities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;History of radiation and chemotherapy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Maturation arrest from varicocele&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;How Do You Know if You Have Azoospermia?&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;If you&amp;rsquo;ve been trying without luck to get your partner pregnant, your doctor might check you for this condition. First, you&amp;rsquo;ll give samples of your semen, and a lab will examine them with a high-powered microscope. If the results show no sperm in your semen on two separate occasions, then you&amp;rsquo;ve got azoospermia. Your doctor will then try to figure out what&amp;rsquo;s causing the problem. They&amp;rsquo;ll give you a complete&amp;nbsp;physical exam, ask you about your medical history, and test your&amp;nbsp;blood&amp;nbsp;to measure your hormone levels. If your hormone levels are normal, your doctor may order a&amp;nbsp;scrotal or transrectal ultrasound to look for an obstruction. An MRI may confirm the diagnosis.&amp;nbsp;Sometimes, surgery is the only way to find the obstruction.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;What are the treatments of Azoospermia?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Microsurgery&lt;/strong&gt;- Azoospermia can be obstructive or non-obstructive. In the case of obstructive conditions that prevent the flow of sperm, microsurgery can be performed to restore fertility. The more recent the blockage has formed, the more chances there are for a full recovery.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sperm retrieval&lt;/strong&gt;- In cases where the nature of the condition is non-obstructive, or in cases where the patient opts out of surgery, sperm retrieval can be performed. This can later be used in IVF to reproduce successfully with the help of assistive reproductive procedures such as ICSI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Non-obtrusive conditions can be fully treated to allow unassisted conception as well in certain cases. This is achieved through accurate diagnosis, lifestyle change, and proper treatment. If you have undergone severe medical treatments such as chemotherapy, you may simply need to give the reproductive system some time to recover from the impact. Production of healthy sperm requires a minimum of 70 days and hence this gap should be considered.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Hormone treatment&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;- It is one of the ways azoospermia can be treated. Some men affected by azoospermia tend to produce more sperm content in the semen after the increased levels of hormones such as FSH &amp;amp; HCG.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Varicocelectomy&lt;/strong&gt;- In cases where men tend to have an enlarged varicocele, which can lead to azoospermia or other forms of infertility by impeding sperm production, a microscopic Varicocelectomy can reverse this process and restore healthy sperm production in some cases.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vasectomy reversal&lt;/strong&gt;-Surgical procedures in the past such as vasectomy can also result in azoospermia. In situations where the patient wants to plan a pregnancy, vasectomy reversal can be performed to restore sperm flow into the semen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #99ccff;&quot;&gt;Written by: Dude Arnel Flores Lopez, BSN, RN&amp;nbsp; 23 June 2021&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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Azoospermia: The primary cause of male infertility among men.

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Azoospermia: The primary cause of male infertility among men.

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